GROUP SYSTEMS OF POPULATED AREAS AND ZONING OF SETTLEMENT OF THE SAMARKAND REGION

Abstract

The article discusses group systems of populated areas and zoning of settlement in the Samarkand region, the formation and development of agglomerations, the development of modern settlement on a territorial-system basis, and also shows the mechanism for the formation of such complex systems lies primarily in the connections of urban and rural populated areas in terms of population and the presence industrial and agro-industrial enterprises. The methodology of agglomeration of populated areas, which is a complex territorial socio-economic system, has been studied, and their comprehensive study is important in identifying the peculiarities of the location of production and population settlement.

At the same time, the opinions of major researchers of this problem such as G.M. Lappo, S.A. Kovalev, N.Ya. Kovalskaya and A.S. Saliev.

In general, studies of the Samarkand agglomeration and the local group system of urban and rural settlements, between which there are constant cultural, everyday, business, labor and other connections of the population. In addition, the article studies the regional types and zoning of settlement of the region and this territory is distinguished into oasis, mountain, desert and suburban types of settlement. The work indicates that the oasis settlement system is characteristic mainly in the Akdarya, Samarkand, Tailyak, Jambai, Ishtikhan, Kattakurgan and Pastdargom regions; attention is paid here to the formation and development of the oasis settlement and production system, rivers and irrigation canals play an important role. Oases are considered the main areas of territorial organization of production and population in the region, where there is a high population density and crowded settlements. The types of settlement in mountainous areas include mainly the Urgut and Koshrabad regions. In the Koshrabad region, due to the lack of conditions for large areas of agriculture and population settlement, complex terrain and an underdeveloped transport network, they are characterized by a low density of population and settlements. Compared to the Koshrabad district, the Urgut district, although considered a mountainous region, differs in the degree of economic features, and in addition, the level of population of the territories is high.

The desert regional type of settlement of the region is sparsely populated; it includes the territories of the Nurabad, adjacent lands of the Narpai and Pakhtachi districts. These territories are partly included in the Karnabchul steppe, where sheep breeding is developed, and also develops on the basis of the Dzhamsky quarry, and in the urban village of Ingichka there is mining industry without a dense agricultural environment.

Suburban settlement is considered a unique type of settlement that has developed in the zone of direct influence of relatively large cities - Samarkand and Kattakurgan. The basis of this type of settlement is the specialization of agricultural production, in particular the cultivation of food crops for the daily consumption of city residents.

At the same time, the article explores another option for zoning settlement or analyzing the territorial structure of the population based on administrative division. Based on the administrative-territorial structure of the Samarkand region, 14 rural districts and six hierarchical levels of settlement can be distinguished. They represent “regional settlement systems” which, like regional types of settlement, cover the entire territory of the region.

When studying these problems, tables and maps were used and conclusions were given.